Chikungunyaīetween 1 January and 4 March 2023, a total of 113 447 cases of chikungunya were reported in the Region of the Americas, including 51 deaths, representing a four-fold increase in cases and deaths compared with the same period in 2022 (21 887 cases, including eight deaths). During the same period, the highest cumulative incidence of dengue cases was reported in Bolivia, with 264.4 cases per 100 000 population, followed by Nicaragua with 196.8 cases per 100 000 population, and Belize with 145.6 cases per 100 000 population. During the same period, the highest cumulative incidence of dengue cases was reported in the following countries: Nicaragua with 1455.4 cases per 100 000 population, followed by Brazil with 1104.5 cases per 100 000 population, and Belize with 788.9 cases per 100 000 population (3).īetween 1 January 2023 and 4 March 2023, a total of 342 243 dengue cases including 86 deaths were reported in the Region of the Americas. In 2022, a total of 2 809 818 cases of dengue, including 1290 deaths, representing a two-fold increase in cases and almost three-fold increase in deaths compared with the cases reported in 2021 (1 269 004 cases, including 437 deaths). ![]() In 2022, both dengue and chikungunya peaked at epidemiological week (EW) 18 (week commencing ). This represents a proportional increase of approximately 119% compared to 2021. Of these, 2 809 818 (90%) were dengue cases and 273 685 (9%) were chikungunya cases. In 2022, a total of 3 123 752 cases (suspected and confirmed) of arboviral disease were reported in the Region of the Americas. The same increasing trend has been observed for chikungunya, with a high incidence of meningoencephalitis possibly associated to chikungunya reported by Paraguay, which is of further concern.Īt the regional level, WHO is assessing the risk as high due to the widespread presence of vector mosquitoes, the continued risk of severe disease and even death, and the expansion outside of historical areas of transmission, where all the population, including risk groups and healthcare workers, may not be aware of clinical manifestations of the disease, including severe clinical manifestations and where populations may be immunologically naïve There have been 2.8 million dengue cases reported in the Americas in 2022, which represents over a two-fold increase when compared to the 1.2 million cases reported in 2021. In addition, higher transmission rates are expected in the coming months in the southern hemisphere, due to weather conditions favourable for the proliferation of mosquitoes. Furthermore, 2023 is showing intense dengue transmission. Although dengue and chikungunya are endemic in most countries of Central America, South America, and the Caribbean, in the current summer season, increased transmission and expansion of chikungunya cases have been observed beyond historical areas of transmission. Dengue accounts for the largest number of cases in the Region, with epidemics occurring every three to five years. The increase in the incidence and geographical distribution of arboviral diseases, including chikungunya and dengue, is a major public health problem in the Region of the Americas (1). Geographical expansion of cases of dengue and chikungunya beyond the historical areas of transmission in the Region of the Americas Sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) Rickettsial diseases (eg: spotted fever and Q fever)Ĭhagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) The list also illustrates the type of pathogen that causes the disease in humans. ![]() The following table is a non-exhaustive list of vector-borne disease, ordered according to the vector by which it is transmitted. List of vector-borne diseases, according to their vector
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